Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es describir -con fundamento en teorías de la comunicación y en estudios de semiótica- las relaciones interculturales que generan los protagonistas de la novela de Patricio Manns El corazón a contraluz: un colono rumano y su joven cautiva selk’nam; y los protagonistas de la novela de Isabelle Autissier El amante de la Patagonia: una joven criada de procedencia escocesa enamorada de un pescador yámana. Esas relaciones, y en primer lugar las lingüísticas, son favorecidas, o (...) frenadas, por factores personales, y también por factores influyentes del contexto histórico -desde fines del siglo XIX hasta comienzos del XX-, caracterizado por la situación de conflicto entre colonos europeos y pueblos nativos de Tierra del Fuego.: The purpose of this paper is to describe -with basis in communication theories and semiotic studies- the intercultural relations that are generated by the protagonists of the Patricio Manns’s novel El corazón a contraluz: a rumano colonist and their young selk´nam captive; and by the protagonists of the Isabelle Autissier’s novel El amante de la Patagonia: a young servant coming from Scotland in love of a yámana fisher. Those relations, the linguistics in the first place, are favoured or obstructed by personal factors, as well as by influential factors of the historical context -from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century-, distinguished by the conflict’s situation between the European colonists and native peoples of Tierra del Fuego. (shrink)

Este artículo contiene los resultados de una investigación dialectológica desarrollada en un área costera del sur de Chile . El análisis permite observar una mayor estabilidad del léxico tradicional de raíz hispana referente a embarcaciones y navegación. Más innovaciones y variaciones geográficas se observan en el léxico de la pesca, debido a los cambios ocurridos en ese ámbito referencial en las últimas décadas. El estudio verifica también unos pocos indigenismos procedentes del mapudungun, lengua que en esta área ha perdido bastante (...) vitalidad. This paper presents the conclusions of a dialectological research developed in a coastal area in the south of Chile . The analysis of the material shows remarkable traditional lexical stability derived from Hispanic roots related to navigation and small fishing vessels. More changes and geographical variations are observed with respect to the fishing terminology as a result of the changes in that referential domain during the last decades. Some indigenous terms from Mapudungun, language that has lost much vitality in this area of the country, are also recognized in this study. (shrink)

Suddenly, COVID-19 has changed the world and the way people work. Companies had to accelerate something they knew was imminent in the future, but not immediate and extremely humongous. This situation poses a huge challenge for companies to survive and thrive in this complex business environment and for employees, who must adapt to this new way of working. An effective e-leadership, which promotes companies’ adaptability, is needed. This study investigates the existing knowledge on teleworking and e-leadership; and analyzes the supposed (...) challenges. The literature review shows that companies with effective e-leadership can view teleworking as an opportunity. It is advantageous for not only companies’ productivity but also the environment and people who work remotely. However, a traditional or no leadership can result in some risks. Thriving in remote work environments implies that managers must adjust the companies’ structure, making them less hierarchical, and developing new abilities to establish a strong and trustworthy relationship with their employees to maintain their competitiveness, while retaining a genuine concern for their employees’ well-being. Similarly, successful e-leadership must be able to consolidate and lead effective virtual teams to accomplish organizational goals. This study contributes to the literature and leaders during the pandemic. (shrink)

Consumer skepticism of corporate environmental activities is on the rise. Yet research on this timely, intriguing, and important topic is scarce for both academics and practitioners. Building on attribution theory, we develop and test a theoretically anchored model that explains the sources and consequences of green skepticism. The study findings reveal that consumers’ perceptions of industry norms, corporate social responsibility, and corporate history are important factors that explain why consumers assign different motives to corporate environmental actions. In addition, the results (...) show that while intrinsic motives exert a strong negative effect on green skepticism, extrinsic motives have no discernible effect. Furthermore, the findings indicate that green skepticism prompts consumers to seek more information about the products, sparks negative word of mouth to friends and acquaintances, and forestalls purchase intentions. The study offers several implications for corporate and public policy makers and presents fruitful research directions. (shrink)

This chapter examines aspects of the Pythagorean tradition from the perspective of “spiritual guidance”. The only traces that remain of the initial period of Pythagoreanism are the acousmata and a handful of authentic fragments of Philolaus of Croton. The chapter focuses on the Golden Verses, a short poem dating back to the Hellenistic period that constitutes the most complete and impressive illustration of spiritual guidance in a Pythagorean milieu. The chapter analyzes that despite the chronological distance that separates the Golden (...) Verses from the acousmata, what is at issue in both cases is the practice of the Pythagorean way of life, that gives guidance all its meaning. What emerges from the testimonies dealing with the Pythagoreans is that their way of life was practiced in a community, or the Pythagorean society or sect. (shrink)

Studies of categorical induction typically examine how belief in a premise (e.g., Falcons have an ulnar artery) projects on to a conclusion (e.g., Robins have an ulnar artery). We study induction in cases in which the premise is uncertain (e.g., There is an 80% chance that falcons have an ulnar artery). Jeffrey's rule is a normative model for updating beliefs in the face of uncertain evidence. In three studies we tested the descriptive validity of Jeffrey's rule and a related probability (...) theorem, the rule of total probability. Although these rules provided good approximations to mean judgments in some cases, the results from regression and correlation analyses suggest that participants focus on the parts of these rules that are associated with the highest overall probability. We relate our findings to rational models of judgment. (shrink)

This study investigated the associations between academic dishonesty, perceptions toward cheating and academic self-handicapping in 572 Greek University students using an online anonymous questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to form subgroups of students based on academic dishonesty – related constructs. The results showed that academic dishonesty was higher in males and among Sciences and Economics/ICT majors, and that it was associated with students’ perceptions and a pattern of dysfunctional academic behavior. Moreover, students majoring in Science and Economics/ICT reported (...) higher levels of witnessing a peer cheating, which was positively linked to academic dishonesty. LPA revealed three groups of students with low, medium, and high academic dishonesty-related variable scores. The implications of these findings for understanding how perceptions about cheating and academic self-handicapping are linked to academic dishonesty are discussed. The study also suggests some possible interventions to prevent and reduce academic dishonesty based on the emerged student profiles. (shrink)

Le fragment 129 d'Empédocle fait état du savoir prodigieux et du pouvoir des prapides d'un Super-Sage du passé en qui les sources citatrices et les interprètes modernes reconnaissent trop facilement Pythagore de Samos. Le but de la présente étude est de reprendre à nouveaux frais l'examen de ces six vers afin d'ouvrir le débat autour de la sagesse et des pouvoirs attribués à la figure anonyme du Super-Sage. Interprétant « Empédocle à partir d'Empédocle », mais aussi à l'aide des références (...) culturelles majeures de son temps, on essaie d'examiner quel type de sagesse était attribué à cette figure par le poète philosophe, de quelles conditions, physiologiques ou autres, relève l'acquisition de cette dernière et en quoi consiste son caractère exceptionnel. Empedocle's fragment 129 praises the exceptional knowledge and the power of the prapides of a Super-Sage of the past. In this sage both ancient testimonies and modern interpreters all too easily recognize Pythagoras of Samos. The aim of the present paper is to re-examine these six verses in order to open up the discussion on the wisdom and powers attributed to this unnamed figure. Interpreting « Empedocles by Empedocles », and also taking into account the major cultural references of his time, we try to define what kind of wisdom was attributed to this distinguished sage, under which conditions, physiological or otherwise, he was able to acquire it, and what constitutes the exceptional character of his knowledge. (shrink)

Les résultats de l'étude du mur de Conon sur l'Akté, au Pirée, et de l'examen de ses différentes phases architecturales ont été étendus aux projectiles en pierre d'époque hellénistique recueillis en différents points des fortifications du Pirée. On fait des observations nouvelles sur la poliorcétique antique et plus particulièrement sur la fabrication de projectiles en pierre, taillés dans des colonnettes que l'assaillant ramassait dans les cimetières à l'extérieur des murs. Pour tenter une chronologie plus précise des boulets, on a étudié (...) leur poids du point de vue de la métrologie et avancé des hypothèses sur l'utilisation de la mine et de la livre dans les machines de guerre. (shrink)

The European Legacy, Volume 17, Issue 3, Page 417, June 2012.

En este trabajo se propone una articulación de la “cuestión de ley” en el modo en que la aborda Kafka, teniendo particularmente a la vista la conversación entre Josef K. y el sacerdote en El proceso, que contiene una exégesis del relato Ante la ley, y la concepción kantiana de la ley moral según se detalla esta en la segunda Crítica y en la Fundamentación de la metafísica de las costumbres. Se sugiere que esta articulación se da en el carácter (...) in-determinado de la ley como tal, por una parte, y, por otra, en la determinación del existente en su singularidad por la ley, que conlleva un índice de problematicidad en virtud de aquella indeterminación. (shrink)

This paper concerns Jacques Derrida's reading of S0ren Kierkegaard's interpretation of the biblical story of Abraham's sacrifice. Abraham's decision to listen to God's command and sacrifice to Him his beloved son is based on his personal faith which conflicts with general morality. On the basis of this story, Derrida argues that we often witness similar conflicts between religion and morality, demonstrating that responsibility is ultimately based on something irresponsible, i.e. something secret. The paper finally discusses Derrida's logic of ultimates.

Unlike many dominant images of thought that are centered on searching for foundations whose coherence is found in binary logics or biunivocal relations, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s philosophy constitutes a way of thinking through machines that produce pure multiplicities by virtue of intensive differences. What is important with regards to machines is to refrain from any attempt at defining or understanding them—they cannot be delimited and are a-signifying—and to try to make them work, such that various flows of thought (...) may circulate through them, intermingling with and interrupting each other. Even though any machine groups together many heterogeneous elements, literary machines are interesting insofar as they can reach a level of the fragmentary whereby the determinant potency of intensive differences can be expressed. This article experiments with Maurice Blanchot’s literary machine—especially with his idea of the neuter—to discover operations that could help to dismantle the foundations of dominant images of thought. (shrink)

Brute facts are facts that don't have explanations. They are instrumental in our attempts to give accounts of other facts or phenomena, and so they play a key role in many philosophers' views about the structure of the world. This volume explores neglected questions about the nature of brute facts and their explanatory role.

Este artículo1 explora dos obras cinematográficas guatemaltecas, Polvo (2012) y Nuestras madres (2019), dirigidas por Julio Hernández Cordón y César Díaz correspondientemente. En ambos largometrajes la denuncia sobre la violación de derechos humanos durante el pasado conflicto armado guatemalteco, la búsqueda de padres o familiares desaparecidos y sus secuelas en las víctimas constituyen la temática central. Por tanto, el análisis se centra en la importancia que tiene la búsqueda del padre desaparecido en los hijos, quienes, a raíz de esta vivencia (...) traumática, experimentan un vacío identitario, así como estragos individuales provocados por la falta de la figura paterna. Por otro lado, también se analizan el trauma y el silencio de las madres sobrevivientes como remanente del miedo/terror experimentado durante el conflicto armado, pero también como un mecanismo de protección para sus hijos. En especial, el análisis se auxilia teóricamente con el extenso trabajo realizado por el sociólogo uruguayo Gabriel Gatti sobre la desaparición forzada. 1 Este ensayo forma parte de una serie de proyectos de investigación y se realizó con el apoyo de la beca Volgenau de la Academia Naval de Estados Unidos. (shrink)

Par de botas se titula la obra del pintor holandés Vincent Van Gogh. Es a partir del análisis de esta pintura que realiza el filósofo alemán Martin Heidegger en su obra El origen de la obra de arte, desde el cual se creará un rico debate, referido sobre todo a la procedencia y significado último de esta obra de Van Gogh. El presente ensayo procura aunar fenomenológicamente, al alero del pensamiento de Martin Heidegger, el conjunto de cuadros que pintó el (...) pintor holandés sobre el “modelo zapato”, bajo el “tema del andar”, entendido como una “errancia”, que en Van Gogh se torna en dramática búsqueda de pertenencia, pero sobre todo de condiciones para la subsistencia, tanto física como espiritual. Por lo tanto el zapato deviene en emblema, el vehículo con el cual desplazarse en las agrestes geografías de su vagabundear. Pair of Boots is the work titled by the Dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh. It is based on the analysis of this painting that the German philosopher Martin Heidegger makes in his book The Origin of the Work of Art, from which we create a rich debate, primarily concerned with the origin and ultimate meaning of Van Gogh´s work. This paper seeks to combine phenomenologically, the wing of thought of Martin Heidegger, the set of pictures he painted on the Dutch painter “shoe model” under the “theme of walking”, understood as a “wandering” in Van Gogh dramatic turns in search of belonging, but especially for subsistence conditions, both physical and spiritual. So the shoe becomes an emblem, the vehicle with which to travel in the rugged geography of his wandering. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to analyze if two emergent models of leadership, servant and spiritual are really different or, on the contrary, are similar, with different labels. Both approaches were analyzed from their backgrounds, depictions, definitions, theoretical models proposed and limitations. It is concluded that both models of leadership are about the same models that share a similar root; both of them are oriented towards transcendental values of employees as a core component of leadership and a main factor (...) related to the quality of job performance. Further studies should be done in order to provide new empirical evidence to support whether servant and spiritual leadership can be considered as completely independent models. (shrink)

This paper examined the persistence of individuals’ power in teams and the individual- and team-level factors influencing power maintenance and loss in the long-term. Specifically, and in line with the functional theory of power, we showed that individuals’ state of power in the past exerted a significant behavioral impact on their later state of power, hence, confirming the “power persistence” hypothesis. Furthermore, and in accordance with the conflict theory of power, we found that individuals’ competence positively influenced power above and (...) beyond its persistence. We also showed that individuals’ uncooperative behavior and team performance had a negative and significant effect on individuals’ power above and beyond its persistence. Finally, we discussed the importance of individuals’ power dynamics for effectively managing power struggles in teams. (shrink)

Artículo de revisión que responde al objetivo de identificar las principales consideraciones éticas que los investigadores han de contemplar en el desarrollo de una investigación etnográfica institucional. Se realizó una revisión del estado del arte, analizando 298 tesis de posgrado. Tras la aplicación de criterios de inclusión, exclusión y eliminación de duplicados, quedaron 14 documentos, los que conformaron la muestra final. Las consideraciones éticas identificadas se estructuraron en tres grupos “planificación y aspectos metodológicos”, “recolección de los datos” y “análisis, presentación (...) de los resultados y manejo de los datos tras la finalización del estudio”. Los resultados identificados se asocian a la esencia distintiva de la etnografía institucional como enfoque incipiente, pues uno de los aspectos que se aprenden en dicha etnografía es el sentido de observar cómo las personas organizan las cosas, lo que está directamente asociado a la forma de recolección de los datos desarrollada por el investigador. Conclusión: se identificaron 22 consideraciones, siendo la recolección de los datos la que presentó más elementos descritos; se revela la importancia del anonimato de los informantes, terceros involucrados y de la misma institución donde se desarrolla el estudio, pues fue la principal consideración ética distintiva del enfoque incipiente. (shrink)

Die vorliegende Sammlung von Aufsätzen einiger der weltbesten Spezialisten der antiken griechischen Philosophie konzentriert sich auf die philosophischen Texte, die während der hellenistischen und kaiserlichen Zeit Pythagoras und den Pythagoreern zugeschrieben wurden. Ihre unbekannten Verfasser behaupten, die Positionen der ursprünglichen pythagoreischen Schule zur Metaphysik, Theologie, Zahlenphilosophie, Physik, Logik, politischen Philosophie, Ethik und zur richtigen Lebensweise zu vermitteln. Die kühnsten unter ihnen präsentieren sich als die Quellen, aus denen Platon und Aristoteles die Inspiration für den Timaios und die Kategorien geschöpft haben. (...) Da sie von den meisten antiken Denkern als maßgebend angesehen wurden, führte dies zu einer Renaissance der platonischen und pythagoreischen Tradition. (shrink)

A feature is central to a concept to the extent that other features depend on it. Four studies tested the hypothesis that people will project a feature from a base concept to a target concept to the extent that they believe the feature is central to the two concepts. This centrality hypothesis implies that feature projection is guided by a principle that aims to maximize the structural commonality between base and target concepts. Participants were told that a category has two (...) or three novel features. One feature was the most central in that more properties depended on it. The extent to which the target shared the feature's dependencies was manipulated by varying the similarity of category pairs. Participants' ratings of the likelihood that each feature would hold in the target category support the centrality hypothesis with both natural kind and artifact categories and with both well-specified and vague dependency structures. (shrink)

Reseña del libro “La inteligencia artificial o el desafío del siglo: Anatomía de un antihumanismo radical” Autor: Éric Sadin Editorial Caja Negra Buenos Aires, 2020, 328 pp. ISBN: 978-987-1622-86-3.

We examined whether auditors' attitude to the evidence may be driven by their perception of the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. Following previous research on motivated reasoning, we assumed that the self-fulfilling prophecy effect could be interpreted as a potential motivational/incentive factor supporting auditor's reluctance to release going concern opinions. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating in a laboratory experiment that auditors' perceptions of the self-fulfilling prophecy effect can bias their professional judgment. To this extend, the Hogarth and Einhorn's belief-adjustment model (...) was employed in order to estimate auditors' attitudes in regards to both aggravating and mitigating evidence. Our results indicate that the fear of provoking the self-fulfilling prophecy creates a directional goal which leads auditors to process the audit evidence in a manner more likely to yield the desired conclusion. Auditors' motivated by the fear of causing the self-fulfilling prophecy effect offered a greater sensitivity to the positive evidence and, at the same time, a lower tendency to favor negative evidence. We also provide a discussion of the implications of our results for both regulators and the auditing profession. (shrink)

Artículo teórico-reflexivo que responde al objetivo de generar lineamientos para el abordaje de daños en el ámbito emocional en investigaciones con seres humanos. Utilizando directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario y, como referente, a la teorista Joyce Travelbee, se genera un diagrama de flujo como propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos, con base en la formalidad, la rigurosidad y la empatía que requiere el (...) proceso de ayuda ante potenciales daños generados en una investigación. Esto debido a que resulta perentorio presentar guías predefinidas en cualquier investigación que, tras un minucioso análisis, presente el riesgo de compromiso emocional en los participantes. (shrink)